温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝免疫相关酶的联合效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

栗志民  钱佳慧  劳翠英  刘志刚 《海洋科学进展》2015,33(2):227-238

为研究温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝免疫相关酶活力的联合效应,采用中心复合设计(CCD)和响应曲面分析法(RSM)进行试验,在实验室条件下研究了温度(19~31℃),盐度(22~38)对华贵栉孔扇贝酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)三种免疫相关酶活性的联合效应,旨在考察温度与盐度对ACP,AKP和GR活性的影响及华贵栉孔扇贝免疫水平较高时的最佳温度和盐度组合,为华贵栉孔扇贝人工养殖所需条件提供理论基础。结果表明:温度的一次效应和二次效应对ACP,AKP和GR活力影响显著(P0.05);盐度的一次效应和二次效应对ACP,AKP和GR的活力影响显著(P0.05);温度和盐度的交互作用对ACP,AKP和GR活力的影响显著(P0.05)。采用响应曲面法,建立了温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝ACP,AKP和GR活性影响的模型方程,该模型方程决定系数分别为0.986 6,0.981 3和0.957 6(P0.01),预测系数分别为0.934 5,0.888 0和0.738 4,表明该模型可以用于预测华贵栉孔扇贝ACP,AKP和GR活力变化。通过模型优化和验证实验,得到在温度24.30℃、盐度30.55时,ACP和AKP活力达到最小值,分别为170.43,181.74U/mg,而GR活力最大为0.34U/mg,满意度达0.95。  相似文献   

Calcium and magnesium‐limited dolomite precipitation at Deep Springs Lake,California     

PATRICK MEISTER  CAROLINA REYES  WILL BEAUMONT  MIGUEL RINCON  LISA COLLINS  WILLIAM BERELSON  LOWELL STOTT  FRANK CORSETTI  KENNETH H. NEALSON 《Sedimentology》2011,58(7):1810-1830

Dolomite [Ca,Mg(CO₃)₂] precipitation from supersaturated ionic solutions at Earth surface temperatures is considered kinetically inhibited because of the difficulties experienced in experimentally reproducing such a process. Nevertheless, recent dolomite is observed to form in hypersaline and alkaline environments. Such recent dolomite precipitation is commonly attributed to microbial mediation because dolomite has been demonstrated to form in vitro in microbial cultures. The mechanism of microbially mediated dolomite precipitation is, however, poorly understood and it remains unclear what role microbial mediation plays in natural environments. In the study presented here, simple geochemical methods were used to assess the limitations and controls of dolomite formation in Deep Springs Lake, a highly alkaline playa lake in eastern California showing ongoing dolomite authigenesis. The sediments of Deep Springs Lake consist of unlithified, clay‐fraction dolomite ooze. Based on δ¹⁸O equilibria and textural observations, dolomite precipitates from oxygenated and agitated surface brine. The Na‐SO₄‐dominated brine contains up to 500 mm dissolved inorganic carbon whereas Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations are ca 1 and 0·3 mm , respectively. Precipitation in the subsurface probably is not significant because of the lack of Ca²⁺ (below 0·01 mm ). Under such highly alkaline conditions, the effect of microbial metabolism on supersaturation by pH and alkalinity increase is negligible. A putative microbial effect could, however, support dolomite nucleation or support crystal growth by overcoming a kinetic barrier. An essential limitation on crystal growth rates imposed by the low Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations could favour the thermodynamically more stable carbonate phase (which is dolomite) to precipitate. This mode of unlithified dolomite ooze formation showing δ¹³C values near to equilibrium with atmospheric CO₂ (ca 3‰) contrasts the formation of isotopically light (organically derived), hard‐lithified dolomite layers in the subsurface of some less alkaline environments. Inferred physicochemical controls on dolomite formation under highly alkaline conditions observed in Deep Springs Lake may shed light on conditions that favoured extensive dolomite formation in alkaline Precambrian oceans, as opposed to modern oceans where dolomites only form diagenetically in organic C‐rich sediments.  相似文献   

东川稀矿山式铁铜矿控矿条件新认识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

喻国东 《云南地质》2011,30(3):316-320

落因背斜两翼地层构造、地层岩相、含矿的差异性,证明背斜轴部存在生长断层。凡有长断层出现,因民组、落雪组岩相剧变,伴随碱性火山喷发-喷溢活动形成细碧岩、基性熔岩、角砾岩之处成为成矿必要条件。  相似文献   

华北克拉通南缘张士英岩体大陆动力学背景:来自地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的证据     

段友强  张正伟  杨晓勇 《岩石学报》2015,31(7):1995-2008

张士英岩体位于华北克拉通南缘,岩体主要由石英正长岩组成。石英正长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为122.8±1.5Ma。其Si O2含量为66.04%~67.80%,Na2O+K2O=9.03%~10.97%,K2O=4.40%~6.37%,K2O/Na2O1属于钾质长英质岩石。A/CNK=1.26~1.58,A/NK=1.63~1.79属于过铝质岩石系列。石英正长岩的Mg#变化范围在12.9~39.4。富集LREE亏损HREE,轻重稀土分异明显,(La/Yb)N=15.48~21.12,Eu呈弱的负异常(δEu=0.54~0.99)。富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。张士英石英正长岩岩浆锆石εHf(t)集中在-17.6~-13.9,Hf两阶段模式年龄tDM2集中在1.7~1.9Ga。石英正长岩的岩浆Zr饱和温度高(936~998℃)。地球化学及同位素显示张士英石英正长岩源区主要为古老的壳源物质,并有少量年轻组分加入,这种年轻组分是幔源物质。岩体形成于拉张性构造环境下,拉张性的环境导致了幔源物质的上涌,底侵下地壳使其发生部分熔融。形成时代正好位于华北克拉通破坏峰期,张士英石英正长岩正是这一地质事件的响应。  相似文献   

急性低盐度胁迫对可口革囊星虫存活、Na+/K+-ATP酶及磷酸酶活力的影响     

游出超  董兰芳  曾梦清  蒋艳  许明珠  张琴 《海洋科学》2019,43(3):82-89

为探讨低盐度急性胁迫对可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)的影响规律,研究可口革囊星虫对急性低盐度胁迫的响应机制,本试验先通过急性毒性试验确定可口革囊星虫96 h内对低盐度的耐受范围,再选取96 h最小死亡率盐度,研究该盐度急性胁迫下可口革囊星虫(平均体质量0.85±0.07 g)体质量、体壁含水量、Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力以及酸碱磷酸酶活力在96 h内的动态变化。结果表明:在本试验盐度3.0～7.0范围内,可口革囊星虫24 h的最大死亡率盐度是3.0,可口革囊星虫96 h的最小死亡率盐度为7.0;可口革囊星虫死亡率随盐度降低逐渐升高,但相同盐度下随着时间延长,可口革囊星虫死亡率基本不变,可口革囊星虫96h内能耐受的最低盐度是7.0;在低盐度7.0胁迫下,可口革囊星虫体质量和体壁含水量在12 h内显著增大(P0.05),12 h后趋于平稳(P0.05);Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力也在6 h内显著升高至最大值(P0.05),6 h至12h又显著降低(P0.05),此后稳定在高于对照组水平;酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力变化趋势与Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力类似,均是先显著升高(P0.05)后显著降低(P0.05),最后稳定在高于对照组水平。以上研究表明,可口革囊星虫能够通过Na~+/K~+-ATP酶、酸碱磷酸酶等渗透和免疫相关的生理调节机制,迅速响应低盐度环境,其对低盐度有很强的适应力和耐受力。  相似文献   

The release of phosphorus from sediment into water in subtropical wetlands: a warming microcosm experiment     

Zhang ZhiJian  Wang ZhaoDe  Joseph Holden  Xu XinHua  Wang Hang  Ruan JingHua  Xu Xin 《水文研究》2012,26(1):15-26

Global warming poses a great threat to wetland ecological stability and water quality improvement. In this paper, we sampled six types of wetlands representing different kinds of land utilisation around the TaiHu Lake Basin in southeast China. An outdoor computerized microcosm was set up in May 2008 to simulate climate scenarios of ambient temperature (control) and a warmed ambient temperature (+5 °C) using a novel minute‐scale daily and seasonal temperature manipulation technology. The 18‐month incubation indicated that warming impaired the ecological sink of sediment (fixing P from porewater) while strengthening the role of the ecological source, moreover, the rate of P release from sediment into porewater (19–113% for total phosphorus) was much stronger than from top sediment into overlying water. Warming enhanced the activity of neutral and alkaline phosphatases for P‐deficient wetland sediments and neutral phosphatases for P‐rich sediments, at the 14th month of incubation. A significant increase in total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) occurred under warming in sediments with relatively low levels of PLFAs, but bacterial abundance in the sediment biomass tended to decrease (18%) along with an increase (4·5%) of the fungi‐to‐bacteria ratio. The variations of carbon consumption and availability indicated by measured dissolved organic carbon in sediment may have contributed to P release from sediments to water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄海冷水团海域浮游植物磷胁迫的季节变动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wang Dan  Huang Bangqin  Liu Xin  Liu Guimei  Wang Hui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(10):124-135

The Yellow Sea is located between the China Mainland and the Korean Peninsula, representing a typical shallow epicontinental sea. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass（YSCWM） is one of the most important physical features in the Yellow Sea. The characteristics of vertical profiles and seasonal variations of biogenic elements in the YSCWM may lead the variations of nutrient availability（e.g., phosphorus） and phosphorus stress of phytoplankton. In this study, the authors surveyed the seasonal variations of phytoplankton phosphorus stress with emphasis on the effect of the YSCWM during the four cruises in April and October 2006, March and August 2007. Using both bulk and single-cell alkaline phosphatase activity（APA） assays, this study evaluated phosphorus status of phytoplankton community, succession of phytoplankton community and ecophysiological responses of phytoplankton to phosphorus in the typical region of the YSCWM. With the occurrence of the YSCWM, especially the variations of concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus（DIP）, the results of bulk APA appeared corresponding seasonal variations. Along Transects A and B, the mean APA in August was the highest, and that in March was the lowest. According to the ELF-labeled assay＇s results, seasonal variations of the ELF-labeled percentages within dominant species indicated that diatoms were dominant in March, April and October, while dinoflagellates were dominant in August. During the four cruises, the ELF-labeled percentages of diatoms except Paralia sulcata showed that diatoms were not phosphorus deficient in April 2006 at all, but suffered from severe phosphorus stress in August 2007. In comparison, the ELF-labeled percentages of dinoflagellates were all above 50% during the four time series, which meant dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium and Scrippsiella, sustained perennial phosphorus stress.  相似文献   

胶东北部碱性超基性脉岩地球化学特征及环境和成因探讨   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘燊  胡瑞忠  赵军红  冯彩霞  蒋国豪  史丹妮 《地质科学》2005,40(1):69-83

胶东地区脉岩属碱性超基性岩系(Na₂O+K₂O=4.67%～5.43%;SiO₂=36.70%～39.99%),岩性为单一的橄榄辉石岩。从主量元素(包括CIPW标准矿物组成)和过渡元素组成来看,该岩系近似原始岩浆组成。电子探针结果显示:橄榄石为富镁质橄榄石(贵橄榄石)(Fo=71～90),单斜辉石为透辉石(次透辉石为主)。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Sr、Th和Ba),但不具有高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf)的亏损,表明岩石形成于大陆板内环境,为地幔橄榄岩低度部分熔融(3.4%)的产物。同时,它具有大陆边缘弧的特性,暗示其为一种滞后型弧岩浆作用的产物。稀土元素特征显示,岩石强烈富集LREE,而相对亏损HREE,暗示了源区的富集特性。Eu/Eu^*=0.89～1.00,总体不表现明显的负Eu异常,暗示斜长石不是主要的分馏矿物相。结合板内碱性岩石的矿物结晶顺序认为,本区岩浆分馏以较弱的橄榄石分馏为主。  相似文献   

乙二醇对长毛对虾酸性磷酸酶活力与构象的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈清西  周兴旺  杨佩真  陈素丽 《台湾海峡》1999,18(4):398-402

应用荧光光谱、紫外差示光谱及园二色性光谱等生物物理技术研究长毛对虾酸性磷酸酶经乙二醇微扰后的分子构象变化情况,结果表明乙二醇对酶分子构象有显著的影响。酶的内源荧光强度随乙二醇浓度增大而增强,Ｔｙｒ、Ｔｒｐ残基的微环境发生明显的变化;紫外差示光谱在２２０和２７５ｎｍ出现２个负峰,而２３６ｎｍ出现正峰,２２０和２３６ｎｍ的差吸收与酶分子主链去折叠有关,而２７５ｎｍ主要与Ｔｒｐ残在微环境变化有关;乙二醇  相似文献   

金雀异黄素对金鱼消化酶活性的影响     

王军  毛姗姗  王蔚 《海洋湖沼通报》2013,(2)

本文研究了0.2、2、20μg/g金雀异黄素腹腔注射金鱼(Carassius auratus) 7d后,金鱼肝胰脏和肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的变化.结果表明:随金雀异黄素浓度的升高,金鱼肝胰脏和肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶及肠碱性磷酸酶活性都有所降低.0.2μg/g金雀异黄素处理组,金鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力降低并不显著,而肠碱性磷酸酶活力显著下降(P＜0.05);2μg/g金雀异黄素处理组,金鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力显著下降,碱性磷酸酶活力表现极显著下降(P＜0.01),仅为对照组的44％;20μg/g金雀异黄素处理组,金鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力极显著下降,其中肠蛋白酶活性降了90％以上.本文证实了较高浓度的金雀异黄素能显著降低金鱼主要消化酶的活性,进而影响金鱼正常生长,但较低浓度的金雀异黄素对金鱼消化酶无显著影响.研究结果为大豆蛋白在水产养殖中的适量应用提供了参考数据.  相似文献